The two main camps, Mauthausen and Gusen I, were labelled as "Grade III" ( Stufe III) camps, which meant that they were intended to be the toughest camps for the "Incorrigible Political Enemies of the Reich". The camps formed one of the first massive concentration camp complexes in Nazi Germany, and were the last ones to be liberated by the Allies. The death toll remains unknown, although most sources place it between 122,766 and 320,000 for the entire complex. In January 1945, the camps, directed from the central office in Mauthausen, contained roughly 85,000 inmates. Several subordinate camps of the KZ Mauthausen complex included quarries, munitions factories, mines, arms factories and Me 262 fighter-plane assembly plants. Apart from the four main sub-camps at Mauthausen and nearby Gusen, more than 50 sub-camps, located throughout Austria and southern Germany, used the inmates as slave labour. Initially a single camp at Mauthausen, it expanded over time and by the summer of 1940, Mauthausen had become one of the largest labour camp complexes in German-controlled Europe. Its history ran from the time of the Anschluss in 1938 to the beginning of May 1945. Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp grew to become a large group of German concentration camps that was built around the villages of Mauthausen and Gusen in Upper Austria, roughly 20 kilometres (12 mi) east of the city of Linz. Gate to the garage yard in the Mauthausen concentration camp
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